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it was incredible

  • 1 incredible

    [ɪn'kredɪbl]
    прил.
    1) маловероятный, невероятный, немыслимый, неправдоподобный

    It was incredible that nobody paid attention to the new invention. — Немыслимо, что никто не обратил внимания на новое изобретение.

    Syn:
    2) разг. неслыханный, невообразимый, потрясающий
    Syn:

    Англо-русский современный словарь > incredible

  • 2 incredible

    in'kredəbl
    1) (hard to believe: He does an incredible amount of work.) increíble
    2) (impossible to believe; not credible: I found his story incredible.) increíble
    - incredibility
    incredible adj increíble
    tr[ɪn'kredɪbəl]
    1 (unbelievable) increíble, inverosímil; (amazing, fantastic) increíble, fantástico,-a
    incredible [ɪn'krɛdəbəl] adj
    : increíble
    incredibly [-bli] adv
    adj.
    increíble adj.
    ɪn'kredəbəl
    adjective increíble

    incredible though it may seem — aunque parezca increíble, aunque parezca mentira

    [ɪn'kredǝbl]
    ADJ increíble

    incredible though it may seem — por increíble que parezca, aunque parezca mentira

    * * *
    [ɪn'kredəbəl]
    adjective increíble

    incredible though it may seem — aunque parezca increíble, aunque parezca mentira

    English-spanish dictionary > incredible

  • 3 the gilt is off the gingerbread

    разг.
    ≈ позолота стёрлась, от былой красоты и следа не осталось [происходит от выражения take the gilt off the gingerbread; см. take the gilt off the gingerbread]

    ...it was incredible, Sally assured herself, that any serious trouble could crop up between Dick and Amy. She was horrified when Dick said: ‘Oh, the gilt's off the gingerbread, I'm afraid, Mother. Amy's never been the same to me since I came home.’ (K. S. Prichard, ‘Golden Miles’, ch. 42) — "...быть того не может, - утешала себя Салли, - чтобы у Дика и Эми все разладилось". Она пришла в ужас, когда Дик сказал ей: - Боюсь, мама, что кончились наши золотые сны. С самого моего возвращения Эми ни одного дня не была со мной такой, как прежде.

    Edith: "...This complete loveliness that we feel together now will fade, so many years and the gilt wears off the gingerbread, and... we shall have forgotten what it was like." (N. Coward, ‘Cavalcade’, part II, sc. V) — Эдит: "...Эти чувства, которые мы сейчас питаем друг к другу, охладеют с годами. Позолота сотрется... и мы забудем, как это было прекрасно когда-то."

    ‘Ah, Crawford, my dear chap,’ he said. ‘I thought you would feel the gilt was off the gingerbread unless I put in an appearance. Master I must call you now. I congratulate you.’ (C. P. Snow, ‘The Masters’, ch. 46) — - Крофорд, дружище, - сказал Тей, - а я думал, что вы без меня не сможете понять прелести вашего нового поста. Теперь я должен буду называть вас шефом. Поздравляю.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > the gilt is off the gingerbread

  • 4 babel

    ˈbeɪbəl сущ.
    1) Вавилон
    2) (Babel) библ. вавилонская башня Syn: the tower of Babel
    3) смешение языков;
    вавилонское столпотворение
    4) столпотворение;
    галдеж;
    неразбериха, путаница The babel inside the bus was incredible. ≈ В автобусе стоял невообразимый гам. His voice was heard above the babel. ≈ Его голос было слышно среди толпы. Syn: confusion
    5) очень высокая постройка, постройка огромных размеров
    6) неосуществимый замысел/план
    babel (B.) библ. вавилонская башня (тж. the tower of Babel) ~ галдеж;
    смешение языков;
    вавилонское столпотворение

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > babel

  • 5 linger

    intransitive verb
    1) (remain, wait) verweilen (geh.); bleiben; (persist) fortbestehen
    2) (dwell)

    linger over or up[on] a subject — etc. bei einem Thema usw. verweilen

    * * *
    ['liŋɡə]
    1) (to remain, last or continue for a long time or after the expected time: The smell of the bad fish lingered for days.) bleiben
    2) (to proceed slowly or delay: We lingered in the hall, looking at the pictures.) trödeln
    * * *
    lin·ger
    [ˈlɪŋgəʳ, AM -ɚ]
    vi
    to \linger in a room sich akk in einem Raum aufhalten [o geh verweilen]
    after the play, we \lingered in the bar nach dem Stück blieben wir noch eine ganze Weile in der Bar sitzen
    the smell \lingered in the kitchen for days der Geruch hing tagelang in der Küche
    to \linger in the memory im Gedächtnis bleiben
    2. (persist) anhalten, bleiben
    sb's influence \lingers jds Einfluss ist immer noch spürbar
    * * *
    ['lɪŋgə(r)]
    vi
    1) (zurück)bleiben, verweilen (liter); (in dying) zwischen Leben und Tod schweben; (custom) fortbestehen, sich halten; (doubts, suspicions) zurückbleiben; (feeling, emotion, pain) anhalten, bleiben; (memory) fortbestehen, bleiben; (chords) nachklingen; (scent) sich halten

    the party was over, but many of the guests lingered in the hall —

    it was incredible how Franco lingered ones war erstaunlich, wie Franco sich an der Macht festkkrallte

    2) (= delay) sich aufhalten, verweilen (liter)

    I mustn't linger or I'll miss the busich darf mich nicht lange aufhalten, sonst verpasse ich den Bus

    3)

    (= dwell) to linger on a subject — bei einem Thema verweilen (geh)

    to linger over a mealsich (dat) bei einer Mahlzeit Zeit lassen, sich bei einer Mahlzeit lange aufhalten

    * * *
    linger [ˈlıŋɡə(r)] v/i
    1. verweilen, sich aufhalten (beide auch fig:
    over, on, upon bei einem Thema etc):
    a) noch dableiben,
    b) nachklingen (Ton),
    c) fig fortleben, -bestehen (Tradition etc)
    2. fig (zurück)bleiben (Verdacht, ungutes Gefühl etc):
    a name that lingers in the memory ein Name, der einem im Gedächtnis haften bleibt
    3. sich hinziehen oder -schleppen
    4. dahinsiechen (Kranker)
    5. a) zögern, zaudern
    b) trödeln umg:
    linger about ( oder around) herumtrödeln
    6. schlendern, bummeln
    7. obs sich sehnen ( after nach)
    * * *
    intransitive verb
    1) (remain, wait) verweilen (geh.); bleiben; (persist) fortbestehen

    linger over or up[on] a subject — etc. bei einem Thema usw. verweilen

    * * *
    v.
    verweilen v.

    English-german dictionary > linger

  • 6 babel

    ['beɪb(ə)l]
    сущ.
    1) галдёж, шум, гам

    The babel inside the bus was incredible. — В автобусе стоял невообразимый гам.

    His voice was heard above the babel. — Его голос перекрывал шум толпы.

    Syn:
    2) столпотворение; неразбериха, путаница, суета, полный беспорядок

    A perfect babel. — Сущая неразбериха!; Совершенная путаница!

    Syn:

    Англо-русский современный словарь > babel

  • 7 go down a storm

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > go down a storm

  • 8 chinch

    The new dictionary of modern spoken language > chinch

  • 9 that

    1. ðæt plural - those; adjective
    (used to indicate a person, thing etc spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: Don't take this book - take that one; At that time, I was living in Italy; When are you going to return those books?) ese, esa, esos, esas; aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas

    2. pronoun
    (used to indicate a thing etc, or (in plural or with the verb be) person or people, spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: What is that you've got in your hand?; Who is that?; That is the Prime Minister; Those present at the concert included the composer and his wife.) ese, esa, esos, esas; aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas

    3. ðət, ðæt relative pronoun
    (used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned in a preceding clause in order to distinguish it from others: Where is the parcel that arrived this morning?; Who is the man (that) you were talking to?)

    4. ðət, ðæt conjunction
    1) ((often omitted) used to report what has been said etc or to introduce other clauses giving facts, reasons, results etc: I know (that) you didn't do it; I was surprised (that) he had gone.) que
    2) (used to introduce expressions of sorrow, wishes etc: That I should be accused of murder!; Oh, that I were with her now!) y pensar que; ojalá

    5.
    adverb
    (so; to such an extent: I didn't realize she was that ill.) tan
    - that's that
    that1 adj ese / aquel
    who lives in that house? ¿quién vive en esa casa?
    did you bring that book? ¿has traído aquel libro?
    what are those boys doing? ¿qué están haciendo aquellos chicos?
    that2 adv tan
    that3 conj que
    that4 pron
    1. ése / aquél
    2. eso
    tr[ðæt ʊnstressed ðət]
    1 ese, esa (remote) aquel, aquella
    how much is that dress? ¿cuánto vale ese vestido?
    what was that noise? ¿qué ha sido ese ruido?
    have you got that record I lent you? ¿tienes aquel disco que te dejé?
    1 ése nombre masculino, ésa (remote) aquél nombre masculino, aquélla
    who's that? ¿quién es ése/ésa?
    this is mine, that is yours éste es mío, aquél es tuyo
    2 (indefinite) eso; (remote) aquello
    what's that? ¿qué es eso?
    where did you get that? ¿dónde has comprado eso?
    4 (with preposition) que, el/la que, el/la cual
    1 que
    2 ¡ojalá!
    1 familiar tan, tanto,-a, tantos,-as
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    and all that y todo eso
    like that así, de aquella manera
    that is to say es decir
    that's it (that's all) eso es todo 2 (that's right) eso es 3 (that's enough) se acabó
    that's life así es la vida
    that's more like it ¡ahora!, ¡así me gusta!
    that's right así es
    that's that ya está, se acabó
    who's that? (on 'phone) ¿quién es?, ¿quién eres?
    that ['ðæt] adv, (in negative constructions) : tan
    it's not that expensive: no es tan caro
    not that much: no tanto
    that adj, pl those : ese, esa, aquel, aquella
    do you see those children?: ¿ves a aquellos niños?
    that conj & pron
    : que
    he said that he was afraid: dijo que tenía miedo
    the book that he wrote: el libro que escribió
    that pron, pl those ['ðo:z]
    1) : ése, ésa, eso
    that's my father: ése es mi padre
    those are the ones he likes: ésos son los que le gustan
    what's that?: ¿qué es eso?
    2) (referring to more distant objects or time) : aquél, aquélla, aquello
    those are maples and these are elms: aquéllos son arces y éstos son olmos
    that came to an end: aquello se acabó
    adj.
    esa adj.
    ese adj.
    adj.dem.
    aquel adj.dem.
    adv.
    como adv.
    tan adv.
    conj.
    ese conj.
    para que conj.
    que conj.
    pron.
    aquello pron.
    aquél pron.
    el cual pron.
    ese pron.
    eso pron.
    que pron.
    quien pron.
    tanto pron.
    pron.dem.neut.
    aquello pron.dem.neut.

    I ðæt
    1) (pl those) ( demonstrative) ése, ésa; (neuter) eso

    those — ésos, ésas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquél, aquélla; (neuter) aquello

    those — aquéllos, aquéllas [According to the Real Academia Española the accent can be omitted when there is no ambiguity]

    what's that? — ¿qué es eso?

    who's that over there? — quién es ése/ésa?

    those are $20 and those over there $21.50 — ésos cuestan 20 dólares y aquéllos de allá 21,50

    who's that, please? — ( on telephone) ¿con quién hablo, por favor?

    that's impossible/wonderful! — es imposible/maravilloso!

    is that so? — no me digas!, ¿ah, sí?

    don't talk like that! — no hables así!, no digas eso!

    eat it up now, that's a good girl! — vamos, cómetelo todo así me gusta!

    come on, it's not as bad as all that — vamos, que no es para tanto

    at that — ( moreover) además; ( thereupon)

    at that they all burst out laughingal oír (or ver etc) eso, todos se echaron a reír

    he has enormous power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that — tiene mucho poder y muchas riquezas, pero aún así es infeliz

    that is: we're all going, all the adults, that is vamos todos, es decir, todos los adultos; you're welcome to come along, that is, if you'd like to encantados de que vengas, siempre que quieras venir, claro; that's it!: that's it for today eso es todo por hoy; is that it? - no, there's another bag to come ¿ya está? - no, todavía falta otra bolsa; now lift your left arm: that's it! ahora levanta el brazo izquierdo eso es! or ahí está!; that's it: I've had enough! se acabó! ya no aguanto más!; that's that: you're not going and that's that! — no vas y no hay más que hablar or y se acabó

    3) ðət, strong form ðæt ( relative) que

    it wasn't Helen (that) you saw — no fue a Helen a quien viste, no fue a Helen que viste (AmL)


    II ðæt
    adjective (pl those) ese, esa

    those — esos, esas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquel, aquella

    those — aquellos, aquellas

    do you know that boy/girl? — ¿conoces a ese chico/esa chica?

    I prefer that one — prefiero ése/ésa


    III ðət, strong form ðæt

    she said (that)... — dijo que...

    it's not that I mind what he does but... — no es que me importe lo que hace, pero...

    they died that others might live — (liter) murieron para que otros pudieran vivir


    IV ðæt
    adverb tan

    ten thirty? that late already? — ¿las diez y media? ¿ya es tan tarde?

    I'm not that interested, really — la verdad es que no me interesa tanto

    (strong form) [ðæt] (weak form) [ˌdǝt] (pl those) Those is treated as a separate entry.
    1. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE
    1) [+ objects/people]
    You can generally use ese etc when pointing to something near the person you are speaking to. Use aquel etc for something which is distant from both of you: (nearer) ese m, esa f ; (more remote) aquel m, aquella f

    that car is much better value than that sports model at the end — ese coche está mejor de precio que aquel modelo deportivo que hay al final

    that wretched dog! — ¡ese maldito perro!

    what about that cheque? — ¿y el cheque ese?

    I only met her that oncela vi solamente aquella vez

    that one — ese(-a), ése(-a); (more remote) aquel(la), aquél(la)

    In the past the standard spelling for [ese/esa] and [aquel/aquella] used as pronouns (as when they are used to translate [that one]) was with an accent ([ése/ésa] and [aquél/aquélla]). Nowadays the [Real Academia Española] advises that the accented forms are only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjectives [este/esta] and [aquel/aquella].
    2) [+ event, year, month]

    Aquel is used to refer to a time in the distant past. Use if you mention a concrete date, month, year {etc">ese:

    do you remember that holiday we had in Holland? — ¿te acuerdas de aquellas vacaciones que pasamos en Holanda?

    1992? I can't remember where we holidayed that year — ¿1992? no recuerdo dónde pasamos las vacaciones ese año

    May? we can't come that month because we'll be moving house — ¿en mayo? no podemos venir ese mes porque nos estaremos mudando de casa

    2.
    DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
    The pronoun that ( one) is translated by ese and aquel (masc), esa and aquella (fem) and eso and aquello (neuter). You can generally use ese etc when pointing to something near the person you are speaking to. Use aquel etc for something which is distant from both of you. Note that in the past the standard spelling for the masculine and feminine pronouns was with an accent (ése/ésa and aquél/aquélla). Nowadays the Real Academia Española advises that the accented forms are only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjectives ese/esa and aquel/aquella. Neuter pronouns never carry an accent. (nearer) ese m, esa f, ése m, ésa f, eso (neuter) ; (more remote) aquel(la) m / f, aquél(la) m / f, aquello (neuter)

    who's that? — ¿quién es ese?

    what is that? — ¿qué es eso?, ¿eso qué es?

    is that you, Paul? — ¿eres tú, Paul?

    £5? it must have cost more than that — ¿5 libras? debe haber costado más (que eso)

    that's true — eso es verdad, es cierto (esp LAm)

    that's odd! — ¡qué raro!, ¡qué cosa más rara!

    1988? that was the year you graduated, wasn't it? — ¿1988? ese fue el año en que acabaste la carrera, ¿no es así?

    "will he come?" - "that he will!" — -¿vendrá? -¡ya lo creo!

    after that — después de eso

    bees and wasps and all that — abejas, avispas y cosas así

    is that all? — ¿eso es todo?, ¿nada más?

    and it was broken at that — y además estaba roto

    what do you mean by that? — ¿qué quieres decir con eso?

    if it comes to that — en tal caso, si llegamos a eso

    it will cost 20 dollars, if that — costará 20 dólares, si es que llega

    that is(=ie) es decir...

    that's it, we've finished — ya está, hemos terminado

    that's it! she can find her own gardener! — ¡se acabó! ¡que se busque un jardinero por su cuenta!

    that of — el/la de

    that is to say — es decir...

    why worry about that which may never happen? — frm ¿por qué preocuparse por aquello que or por lo que puede que nunca vaya a pasar?

    with that — con eso

    3. RELATIVE PRONOUN
    Unlike that, the Spanish relative cannot be omitted.
    1) que

    fool that I am! — ¡tonto que soy!

    If the that clause ends in a preposition, you can either translate that as que (usually preceded by the definite article) or as article + cual/cuales. Use the second option particularly in formal language or after long prepositions or prepositional phrases:

    the box that I put it in — la caja donde lo puse, la caja en la que or en la cual lo puse

    4. ADVERB
    1) (=so) tan

    it's about that big (with gesture) es más o menos así de grande

    cheer up! it isn't that bad — ¡ánimo! ¡no es para tanto!

    that many frogs — tantas ranas

    that much money — tanto dinero

    2) * (=so very) tan

    it was that cold! — ¡hacía tanto frío!

    5. CONJUNCTION
    Unlike that, que cannot be omitted.
    1) after verb que

    he said that... — dijo que...

    Translate as de que in phrases like the idea/belief/hope that:

    any hope that they might have survived was fading — toda esperanza de que hubiesen sobrevivido se estaba desvaneciendo

    the idea that we can profit from their labour — la idea de que podemos aprovecharnos de su trabajo

    ..., not that I want to, of course —..., no es que yo quiera, por supuesto

    oh that we could! — ¡ojalá pudiéramos!, ¡ojalá!

    If the that clause is the subject of another verb it is usual to translate that as el que rather than que especially if it starts the sentence:

    that he did not know surprised me — (el) que no lo supiera me extrañó, me extrañó (el) que no lo supiera

    In these cases the verb which follows will be in the subjunctive:

    that he should behave like this is incredible — (el) que se comporte así es increíble, es increíble que se comporte así

    would
    4) (=in order that) para que + subjun
    5)

    in that — en el sentido de que

    * * *

    I [ðæt]
    1) (pl those) ( demonstrative) ése, ésa; (neuter) eso

    those — ésos, ésas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquél, aquélla; (neuter) aquello

    those — aquéllos, aquéllas [According to the Real Academia Española the accent can be omitted when there is no ambiguity]

    what's that? — ¿qué es eso?

    who's that over there? — quién es ése/ésa?

    those are $20 and those over there $21.50 — ésos cuestan 20 dólares y aquéllos de allá 21,50

    who's that, please? — ( on telephone) ¿con quién hablo, por favor?

    that's impossible/wonderful! — es imposible/maravilloso!

    is that so? — no me digas!, ¿ah, sí?

    don't talk like that! — no hables así!, no digas eso!

    eat it up now, that's a good girl! — vamos, cómetelo todo así me gusta!

    come on, it's not as bad as all that — vamos, que no es para tanto

    at that — ( moreover) además; ( thereupon)

    at that they all burst out laughingal oír (or ver etc) eso, todos se echaron a reír

    he has enormous power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that — tiene mucho poder y muchas riquezas, pero aún así es infeliz

    that is: we're all going, all the adults, that is vamos todos, es decir, todos los adultos; you're welcome to come along, that is, if you'd like to encantados de que vengas, siempre que quieras venir, claro; that's it!: that's it for today eso es todo por hoy; is that it? - no, there's another bag to come ¿ya está? - no, todavía falta otra bolsa; now lift your left arm: that's it! ahora levanta el brazo izquierdo eso es! or ahí está!; that's it: I've had enough! se acabó! ya no aguanto más!; that's that: you're not going and that's that! — no vas y no hay más que hablar or y se acabó

    3) [ðət], strong form [ðæt] ( relative) que

    it wasn't Helen (that) you saw — no fue a Helen a quien viste, no fue a Helen que viste (AmL)


    II [ðæt]
    adjective (pl those) ese, esa

    those — esos, esas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquel, aquella

    those — aquellos, aquellas

    do you know that boy/girl? — ¿conoces a ese chico/esa chica?

    I prefer that one — prefiero ése/ésa


    III [ðət], strong form [ðæt]

    she said (that)... — dijo que...

    it's not that I mind what he does but... — no es que me importe lo que hace, pero...

    they died that others might live — (liter) murieron para que otros pudieran vivir


    IV [ðæt]
    adverb tan

    ten thirty? that late already? — ¿las diez y media? ¿ya es tan tarde?

    I'm not that interested, really — la verdad es que no me interesa tanto

    English-spanish dictionary > that

  • 10 should

    see academic.ru/66362/shall">shall
    * * *
    [ʃud]
    negative short form - shouldn't; verb
    1) (past tense of shall: I thought I should never see you again.) pt von shall
    2) (used to state that something ought to happen, be done etc: You should hold your knife in your right hand; You shouldn't have said that.) Konjunktiv
    3) (used to state that something is likely to happen etc: If you leave now, you should arrive there by six o'clock.) Ausdruck der Wahrscheinlichkeit
    4) (used after certain expressions of sorrow, surprise etc: I'm surprised you should think that.) nach Ausdrücken der Überraschung etc.
    5) (used after if to state a condition: If anything should happen to me, I want you to remember everything I have told you today.) Konditionell
    6) ((with I or we) used to state that a person wishes something was possible: I should love to go to France (if only I had enough money).) Ausdruck eines Wunsches
    7) (used to refer to an event etc which is rather surprising: I was just about to get on the bus when who should come along but John, the very person I was going to visit.) Ausdruck höchster Überraschung
    * * *
    [ʃʊd]
    1. (expressing advisability)
    sb/sth \should... jd/etw sollte...
    if you're annoyed with him, you \should tell him wenn du dich über ihn ärgerst, solltest du ihm das sagen
    he said that I \should see a doctor er meinte, ich solle zum Arzt gehen
    you \should be ashamed of yourselves ihr solltet euch [was] schämen
    how kind! you really \shouldn't have! wie nett! das war doch [wirklich] nicht nötig!
    I \should have written to her ich hätte ihr schreiben sollen
    one \should not judge people by their appearance man sollte Menschen nicht nach ihrem Äußeren beurteilen
    he \shouldn't say things like that er sollte so etwas nicht sagen
    she \should worry! she hasn't a problem in the world! ( iron) was braucht sie sich schon Sorgen zu machen! sie hat doch keinerlei Probleme
    the car \should be serviced every year das Auto sollte jedes Jahr zur Inspektion
    I recommend that there \should be an investigation ich würde dazu raten, eine Untersuchung durchzuführen
    it's essential that the project \should not be delayed any further es ist wichtig, dass das Projekt nicht noch weiter verzögert wird
    2. (asking for advice)
    \should sb/sth...? soll[te] jd/etw...?
    \should I apologize to him? soll[te] ich mich bei ihm entschuldigen?
    \should he apply for the job? soll[te] er sich für die Stelle bewerben?
    how often \should the plant be watered? wie oft sollte [o muss] die Pflanze gegossen werden?
    3. (expressing expectation)
    sb/sth \should... jd/etw sollte [o müsste] [eigentlich]...
    you \should find this guidebook helpful dieser Führer wird dir sicher nützlich sein
    there \shouldn't be any problems es dürfte eigentlich keine Probleme geben
    that \should be safe enough das dürfte [o müsste eigentlich] sicher genug sein
    everything is as it \should be alles ist wie es sein soll
    this shirt's made of very good quality silk — I \should think it is, considering how much it cost dieses Hemd ist aus hochwertiger Seide — das will ich wohl meinen, wenn man bedenkt, was es gekostet hat
    could you have the report ready by Friday?yes, I \should think so könnten Sie den Bericht bis Freitag fertig haben? — ja, ich glaube schon
    I don't like to drink more than one bottle of wine in an evening — I \should think not! ich mag pro Abend nicht mehr als eine Flasche Wein trinken — das will ich wohl meinen!
    I bought her some flowers to say thank you — I \should think so too ich habe ihr ein paar Blumen gekauft, um mich zu bedanken — das war auch gut so
    the boss wants to see us in her office immediately — this \should be good! ( iron fam) wir sollen sofort zur Chefin ins Büro kommen — das kann ja heiter werden! iron fam
    I \should be so lucky ( fam) schön wär's! fam
    4. (expressing futurity)
    sb/sth \should... jd/etw würde...
    he realized that he \should have to do most of the work es wurde ihm klar, dass er die meiste Arbeit würde erledigen müssen
    in case [or if] sth/sb \should do sth falls etw/jd etw tun sollte
    he took his cap in case it \should snow er nahm seine Mütze für den Fall mit, dass es zu schneien anfing
    it seems very unlikely to happen, but if it \should, we need to be well-prepared es scheint unwahrscheinlich, aber für den Fall, dass es doch passieren sollte, müssen wir gut vorbereitet sein
    he would be most welcome, \should he be coming at all er wäre höchst willkommen, falls er überhaupt kommt
    why \should sb/sth...? warum sollte jd/etw...?
    why \should anyone want to eat something so horrible? warum sollte irgendjemand so etwas Scheußliches essen wollen?
    I was just getting off the bus when who \should I see but my old school friend Pat! was glaubst du, wen ich gesehen habe, als ich aus dem Bus ausstieg — niemand anderen als meinen alten Schulfreund Pat!
    8. (expressing an opinion)
    it's odd that she \should think I would want to see her again es ist seltsam, dass sie meint, ich wolle sie wiedersehen
    it's so unfair that she \should have died so young es ist so ungerecht, dass sie so jung sterben musste
    it worries me that he \should drive all that way on his own esp BRIT es beunruhigt mich, dass er die ganze Strecke alleine fährt
    I suggest that you \should leave esp BRIT ( form) du solltest besser gehen
    I prefer that Jane \should do it esp BRIT ( form) es wäre mir lieber, wenn Jane es täte
    9. (could)
    where's Daryl? — how \should I know? wo ist Daryl? — woher soll[te] ich das wissen?
    for fear that I \should miss my flight, I arrived at the airport five hours early aus Angst, ich könnte mein Flugzeug verpassen, war ich fünf Stunden früher am Flughafen
    I/we \should... ich würde/wir würden...
    I \should like a whisky before the meal ich hätte vor dem Essen gern einen Whisky
    we \should like to take you out for dinner next week wir würden Sie gerne nächste Woche zum Abendessen einladen
    I \shouldn't worry about it if I were you ich würde mir deswegen an deiner Stelle keine Sorgen machen
    he took his umbrella so that he \shouldn't get wet er nahm seinen Schirm mit, um nicht nass zu werden
    we \should have come sooner if we'd known how ill he was wir wären früher gekommen, wenn wir gewusst hätten, wie krank er war
    I \shouldn't be surprised ich wäre nicht überrascht
    * * *
    [ʃʊd] pret of shall
    modal aux vb
    1)

    (expressing duty, advisability, command) I/he should do that — ich/er sollte das tun

    all is as it should be — alles ist so, wie es sein sollte or muss

    he should know that it's wrong to lie — er sollte or müsste wissen, dass man nicht lügen darf

    should I go too? – yes you should was it a good film? – I should think it was — sollte ich auch gehen? – ja, das sollten Sie schon war der Film gut? – und ob

    he's coming to apologize – I should think so — er will sich entschuldigen – das möchte ich auch meinen or hoffen

    ... and I should know —... und ich müsste es ja wissen

    2)

    (expressing probability) he should be there by now —

    3)

    (in tentative statements) I shouldn't like to say —

    I should think there were about 40 — ich würde schätzen, dass etwa 40 dort waren

    I should like to disagreeda möchte ich widersprechen

    I should like to know — ich wüsste gern, ich möchte gern wissen

    thanks, I should like to — danke, gern

    4)

    (expressing surprise) who should I see/should it be but Anne! — und wen sehe ich/und wer wars? Anne!

    why should he want to know/do that? — warum will er das wohl wissen/machen?

    why should he have done it, if...? — warum hat er es dann gemacht, wenn...?

    5)

    (subjunc, conditional) I/he should go if... —

    we should have come if... — wir wären gekommen, wenn...

    it seems unbelievable that he should have failed/be so young — es scheint unglaublich, dass er versagt hat/so jung ist

    I don't see why he shouldn't have paid by now — ich verstehe nicht, warum er bis jetzt noch nicht bezahlt hat

    if they should send for me —

    if he should come, should he come — falls er kommen sollte, sollte er kommen

    I shouldn't be surprised if he comes or came or were to come — ich wäre nicht or keineswegs überrascht, wenn er kommen würde or wenn er käme

    I shouldn't (do that) if I were you —

    I shouldn't worry about it it is necessary that he should be told — ich würde mir darüber keine Gedanken machen es ist nötig, dass man es ihm sagt

    * * *
    should [ʃʊd; unbetont ʃəd; ʃd; ʃt]
    1. prät von shall, auch konditional futurisch: ich, er, sie, es sollte, du solltest, wir, Ihr, Sie, sie sollten:
    should it prove false sollte es sich als falsch erweisen;
    he should be home by then er müsste bis dahin wieder zu Hause sein
    2. konditional: ich würde, wir würden:
    I should go if …;
    I should not have come if ich wäre nicht gekommen, wenn;
    I should like to ich würde oder möchte gern
    3. nach Ausdrücken des Erstaunens etc:
    it is incredible that he should have failed es ist unglaublich, dass er versagt hat
    * * *
    * * *
    sollen v.
    (§ p.,pp.: sollte, gesollt)

    English-german dictionary > should

  • 11 Philosophy

       And what I believe to be more important here is that I find in myself an infinity of ideas of certain things which cannot be assumed to be pure nothingness, even though they may have perhaps no existence outside of my thought. These things are not figments of my imagination, even though it is within my power to think of them or not to think of them; on the contrary, they have their own true and immutable natures. Thus, for example, when I imagine a triangle, even though there may perhaps be no such figure anywhere in the world outside of my thought, nor ever have been, nevertheless the figure cannot help having a certain determinate nature... or essence, which is immutable and eternal, which I have not invented and which does not in any way depend upon my mind. (Descartes, 1951, p. 61)
       Let us console ourselves for not knowing the possible connections between a spider and the rings of Saturn, and continue to examine what is within our reach. (Voltaire, 1961, p. 144)
       As modern physics started with the Newtonian revolution, so modern philosophy starts with what one might call the Cartesian Catastrophe. The catastrophe consisted in the splitting up of the world into the realms of matter and mind, and the identification of "mind" with conscious thinking. The result of this identification was the shallow rationalism of l'esprit Cartesien, and an impoverishment of psychology which it took three centuries to remedy even in part. (Koestler, 1964, p. 148)
       It has been made of late a reproach against natural philosophy that it has struck out on a path of its own, and has separated itself more and more widely from the other sciences which are united by common philological and historical studies. The opposition has, in fact, been long apparent, and seems to me to have grown up mainly under the influence of the Hegelian philosophy, or, at any rate, to have been brought out into more distinct relief by that philosophy.... The sole object of Kant's "Critical Philosophy" was to test the sources and the authority of our knowledge, and to fix a definite scope and standard for the researches of philosophy, as compared with other sciences.... [But Hegel's] "Philosophy of Identity" was bolder. It started with the hypothesis that not only spiritual phenomena, but even the actual world-nature, that is, and man-were the result of an act of thought on the part of a creative mind, similar, it was supposed, in kind to the human mind.... The philosophers accused the scientific men of narrowness; the scientific men retorted that the philosophers were crazy. And so it came about that men of science began to lay some stress on the banishment of all philosophic influences from their work; while some of them, including men of the greatest acuteness, went so far as to condemn philosophy altogether, not merely as useless, but as mischievous dreaming. Thus, it must be confessed, not only were the illegitimate pretensions of the Hegelian system to subordinate to itself all other studies rejected, but no regard was paid to the rightful claims of philosophy, that is, the criticism of the sources of cognition, and the definition of the functions of the intellect. (Helmholz, quoted in Dampier, 1966, pp. 291-292)
       Philosophy remains true to its classical tradition by renouncing it. (Habermas, 1972, p. 317)
       I have not attempted... to put forward any grand view of the nature of philosophy; nor do I have any such grand view to put forth if I would. It will be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the history of "howlers" and progress in philosophy as the debunking of howlers. It will also be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the enterprise of putting forward a priori truths about the world.... I see philosophy as a field which has certain central questions, for example, the relation between thought and reality.... It seems obvious that in dealing with these questions philosophers have formulated rival research programs, that they have put forward general hypotheses, and that philosophers within each major research program have modified their hypotheses by trial and error, even if they sometimes refuse to admit that that is what they are doing. To that extent philosophy is a "science." To argue about whether philosophy is a science in any more serious sense seems to me to be hardly a useful occupation.... It does not seem to me important to decide whether science is philosophy or philosophy is science as long as one has a conception of both that makes both essential to a responsible view of the world and of man's place in it. (Putnam, 1975, p. xvii)
       What can philosophy contribute to solving the problem of the relation [of] mind to body? Twenty years ago, many English-speaking philosophers would have answered: "Nothing beyond an analysis of the various mental concepts." If we seek knowledge of things, they thought, it is to science that we must turn. Philosophy can only cast light upon our concepts of those things.
       This retreat from things to concepts was not undertaken lightly. Ever since the seventeenth century, the great intellectual fact of our culture has been the incredible expansion of knowledge both in the natural and in the rational sciences (mathematics, logic).
       The success of science created a crisis in philosophy. What was there for philosophy to do? Hume had already perceived the problem in some degree, and so surely did Kant, but it was not until the twentieth century, with the Vienna Circle and with Wittgenstein, that the difficulty began to weigh heavily. Wittgenstein took the view that philosophy could do no more than strive to undo the intellectual knots it itself had tied, so achieving intellectual release, and even a certain illumination, but no knowledge. A little later, and more optimistically, Ryle saw a positive, if reduced role, for philosophy in mapping the "logical geography" of our concepts: how they stood to each other and how they were to be analyzed....
       Since that time, however, philosophers in the "analytic" tradition have swung back from Wittgensteinian and even Rylean pessimism to a more traditional conception of the proper role and tasks of philosophy. Many analytic philosophers now would accept the view that the central task of philosophy is to give an account, or at least play a part in giving an account, of the most general nature of things and of man. (Armstrong, 1990, pp. 37-38)
       8) Philosophy's Evolving Engagement with Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science
       In the beginning, the nature of philosophy's engagement with artificial intelligence and cognitive science was clear enough. The new sciences of the mind were to provide the long-awaited vindication of the most potent dreams of naturalism and materialism. Mind would at last be located firmly within the natural order. We would see in detail how the most perplexing features of the mental realm could be supported by the operations of solely physical laws upon solely physical stuff. Mental causation (the power of, e.g., a belief to cause an action) would emerge as just another species of physical causation. Reasoning would be understood as a kind of automated theorem proving. And the key to both was to be the depiction of the brain as the implementation of multiple higher level programs whose task was to manipulate and transform symbols or representations: inner items with one foot in the physical (they were realized as brain states) and one in the mental (they were bearers of contents, and their physical gymnastics were cleverly designed to respect semantic relationships such as truth preservation). (A. Clark, 1996, p. 1)
       Socrates of Athens famously declared that "the unexamined life is not worth living," and his motto aptly explains the impulse to philosophize. Taking nothing for granted, philosophy probes and questions the fundamental presuppositions of every area of human inquiry.... [P]art of the job of the philosopher is to keep at a certain critical distance from current doctrines, whether in the sciences or the arts, and to examine instead how the various elements in our world-view clash, or fit together. Some philosophers have tried to incorporate the results of these inquiries into a grand synoptic view of the nature of reality and our human relationship to it. Others have mistrusted system-building, and seen their primary role as one of clarifications, or the removal of obstacles along the road to truth. But all have shared the Socratic vision of using the human intellect to challenge comfortable preconceptions, insisting that every aspect of human theory and practice be subjected to continuing critical scrutiny....
       Philosophy is, of course, part of a continuing tradition, and there is much to be gained from seeing how that tradition originated and developed. But the principal object of studying the materials in this book is not to pay homage to past genius, but to enrich one's understanding of central problems that are as pressing today as they have always been-problems about knowledge, truth and reality, the nature of the mind, the basis of right action, and the best way to live. These questions help to mark out the territory of philosophy as an academic discipline, but in a wider sense they define the human predicament itself; they will surely continue to be with us for as long as humanity endures. (Cottingham, 1996, pp. xxi-xxii)
       In his study of ancient Greek culture, The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche drew what would become a famous distinction, between the Dionysian spirit, the untamed spirit of art and creativity, and the Apollonian, that of reason and self-control. The story of Greek civilization, and all civilizations, Nietzsche implied, was the gradual victory of Apollonian man, with his desire for control over nature and himself, over Dionysian man, who survives only in myth, poetry, music, and drama. Socrates and Plato had attacked the illusions of art as unreal, and had overturned the delicate cultural balance by valuing only man's critical, rational, and controlling consciousness while denigrating his vital life instincts as irrational and base. The result of this division is "Alexandrian man," the civilized and accomplished Greek citizen of the later ancient world, who is "equipped with the greatest forces of knowledge" but in whom the wellsprings of creativity have dried up. (Herman, 1997, pp. 95-96)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Philosophy

  • 12 espera

    Del verbo esperar: ( conjugate esperar) \ \
    espera es: \ \
    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo
    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
    Multiple Entries: espera     esperar
    espera sustantivo femenino 1 (acción, período) wait; estoy a la espera de una oferta concreta I am waiting for a concrete offer; en espera de su respuesta saluda a Vd. atte. (frml) I look forward to hearing from you, yours faithfully 2 (Der) respite
    esperar ( conjugate esperar) verbo transitivo 1
    a)autobús/persona/acontecimiento to wait for;
    ¿qué estás esperando para decírselo? tell him! what are you waiting for?
    2
    a) (contar con, prever) to expect;
    cuando uno menos lo espera when you least expect it; te espero alrededor de las nueve I'll expect you around nine; ¿esperabas que te felicitara? did you expect me to congratulate you?; era de espera que el proyecto fracasara the project was bound to fail
    b)niño/bebé to be expecting
    3 ( con esperanza) to hope; eso espero or espero que sí I hope so; espera hacer algo to hope to do sth; espero que no llueva I hope it doesn't rain; esperemos que no sea nada grave let's hope it's nothing serious verbo intransitivo espera a estar seguro wait until you're sure; esperaon (a) que él se fuera para entrar they waited for him to go before they went in
    b) [ embarazada]:
    esperarse verbo pronominal 1 (fam) ( aguardar) to hang on (colloq), to hold on (colloq) 2 (fam) ( prever) to expect;
    ¡quién se lo iba a espera! who would have thought it!

    espera sustantivo femenino
    1 wait: la espera se me hizo eterna, the wait dragged on
    2 (dilación) la intervención no admite espera, the operation can't wait Locuciones: a la espera de, expecting
    en espera de..., waiting for...
    esperar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (aguardar) to wait for: espera un momento, ¿seguro que hablas del mismo Pedro?, wait a minute, are you sure you're talking about the same Peter?
    2 (tener esperanza) to hope: espero que todo salga bien, I hope everything turns out well ➣ Ver nota en hope 3 (desear, suponer) to expect
    4 fig (un hijo) to expect ➣ Ver nota en expect
    II verbo intransitivo to wait: no puedo esperar más, I can't wait any longer Locuciones: familiar de aquí te espero, incredible, massive: afuera hay un follón de aquí te espero, there's an incredible mess outside
    esperar sentado, to have a long wait in store: si creéis que voy a participar en esa locura podéis esperar sentados, if you think that I'm going to have any part of that madness, you'll have to wait a long time Esperar tiene tres significados básicos, que corresponden a tres verbos ingleses: Aguardar, en sentido general, se traduce por to wait: Llevo media hora esperándote, I've been waiting for you for half an hour.
    Tener esperanza, desear, se traduce por to hope: Espero que vengas mañana. I hope you will come tomorrow. Espero que sí. I hope so.
    Suponer, esperar algo sabiendo que es muy probable que ocurra, se traduce por to expect: Espero la visita de un amigo (sabemos que va a venir). I'm expecting a friend to call.
    ' espera' also found in these entries: Spanish: ansiedad - compadre - compás - contrarreloj - esperar - esplendorosa - esplendoroso - isleta - larga - largo - menda - montaña - rebosar - recobrar - repunte - sala - secarse - tras - expectativa - hasta - hijo - interminable - lista - pasar - plantón - poco - rato - visita English: aim - and - due - light - line - live up to - minute - name - second - standby - standby passenger - until - wait - waiting - waiting list - waiting room - come - expect - no - pending - shape - store - while

    English-spanish dictionary > espera

  • 13 esperado

    Del verbo esperar: ( conjugate esperar) \ \
    esperado es: \ \
    el participio
    Multiple Entries: esperado     esperar
    esperado
    ◊ -da adjetivo
    a) ( aguardado) ‹acontecimiento/carta eagerly awaited

    esperar ( conjugate esperar) verbo transitivo 1
    a)autobús/persona/acontecimiento to wait for;
    ¿qué estás esperando para decírselo? tell him! what are you waiting for?
    2
    a) (contar con, prever) to expect;
    cuando uno menos lo espera when you least expect it; te espero alrededor de las nueve I'll expect you around nine; ¿esperabas que te felicitara? did you expect me to congratulate you?; era de esperado que el proyecto fracasara the project was bound to fail
    b)niño/bebé to be expecting
    3 ( con esperanza) to hope; eso espero or espero que sí I hope so; esperado hacer algo to hope to do sth; espero que no llueva I hope it doesn't rain; esperemos que no sea nada grave let's hope it's nothing serious verbo intransitivo espera a estar seguro wait until you're sure; esperadoon (a) que él se fuera para entrar they waited for him to go before they went in
    b) [ embarazada]:
    esperarse verbo pronominal 1 (fam) ( aguardar) to hang on (colloq), to hold on (colloq) 2 (fam) ( prever) to expect;
    ¡quién se lo iba a esperado! who would have thought it!

    esperar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (aguardar) to wait for: espera un momento, ¿seguro que hablas del mismo Pedro?, wait a minute, are you sure you're talking about the same Peter?
    2 (tener esperanza) to hope: espero que todo salga bien, I hope everything turns out well ➣ Ver nota en hope 3 (desear, suponer) to expect
    4 fig (un hijo) to expect ➣ Ver nota en expect
    II verbo intransitivo to wait: no puedo esperar más, I can't wait any longer Locuciones: familiar de aquí te espero, incredible, massive: afuera hay un follón de aquí te espero, there's an incredible mess outside
    esperar sentado, to have a long wait in store: si creéis que voy a participar en esa locura podéis esperar sentados, if you think that I'm going to have any part of that madness, you'll have to wait a long time Esperar tiene tres significados básicos, que corresponden a tres verbos ingleses: Aguardar, en sentido general, se traduce por to wait: Llevo media hora esperándote, I've been waiting for you for half an hour.
    Tener esperanza, desear, se traduce por to hope: Espero que vengas mañana. I hope you will come tomorrow. Espero que sí. I hope so.
    Suponer, esperar algo sabiendo que es muy probable que ocurra, se traduce por to expect: Espero la visita de un amigo (sabemos que va a venir). I'm expecting a friend to call.
    ' esperado' also found in these entries: Spanish: adelantarse - bastante - de - inesperada - inesperado - antes - atrasado English: anticlimax - due - enjoyable - overachiever

    English-spanish dictionary > esperado

  • 14 esperar


    esperar ( conjugate esperar) verbo transitivo 1
    a)autobús/persona/acontecimiento to wait for;
    ¿qué estás esperando para decírselo? tell him! what are you waiting for?
    2
    a) (contar con, prever) to expect;
    cuando uno menos lo espera when you least expect it; te espero alrededor de las nueve I'll expect you around nine; ¿esperabas que te felicitara? did you expect me to congratulate you?; era de esperar que el proyecto fracasara the project was bound to fail
    b)niño/bebé to be expecting
    3 ( con esperanza) to hope; eso espero or espero que sí I hope so; esperar hacer algo to hope to do sth; espero que no llueva I hope it doesn't rain; esperemos que no sea nada grave let's hope it's nothing serious verbo intransitivo espera a estar seguro wait until you're sure; esperaron (a) que él se fuera para entrar they waited for him to go before they went in
    b) [ embarazada]:
    esperarse verbo pronominal 1 (fam) ( aguardar) to hang on (colloq), to hold on (colloq) 2 (fam) ( prever) to expect;
    ¡quién se lo iba a esperar! who would have thought it!

    esperar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (aguardar) to wait for: espera un momento, ¿seguro que hablas del mismo Pedro?, wait a minute, are you sure you're talking about the same Peter?
    2 (tener esperanza) to hope: espero que todo salga bien, I hope everything turns out well ➣ Ver nota en hope 3 (desear, suponer) to expect
    4 fig (un hijo) to expect ➣ Ver nota en expect
    II verbo intransitivo to wait: no puedo esperar más, I can't wait any longer Locuciones: familiar de aquí te espero, incredible, massive: afuera hay un follón de aquí te espero, there's an incredible mess outside
    esperar sentado, to have a long wait in store: si creéis que voy a participar en esa locura podéis esperar sentados, if you think that I'm going to have any part of that madness, you'll have to wait a long time Esperar tiene tres significados básicos, que corresponden a tres verbos ingleses: Aguardar, en sentido general, se traduce por to wait: Llevo media hora esperándote, I've been waiting for you for half an hour.
    Tener esperanza, desear, se traduce por to hope: Espero que vengas mañana. I hope you will come tomorrow. Espero que sí. I hope so.
    Suponer, esperar algo sabiendo que es muy probable que ocurra, se traduce por to expect: Espero la visita de un amigo (sabemos que va a venir). I'm expecting a friend to call.
    ' esperar' also found in these entries: Spanish: acecho - aguardar - amabilidad - cruzarse - ser - esperanza - pelaje - pendiente - prometerse - satisfacción - como - esperado - exigir - favor - hacer - mucho - preferir English: aim - anticipate - await - bargain for - bargain on - daydream - eruption - expect - hang about - hang around - hang on - hold off - hold on - hope - magic wand - sit up - to - trust - wait - wait about - wait around - wind - would - bear - bide - count - dark - delay - duly - else - hang - hold - mind - unprepared - unrealistic

    English-spanish dictionary > esperar

  • 15 modular data center

    1. модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

     

    модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
    -
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    [ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

    [ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

    Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

    В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

    At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

    В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

    Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

    Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

    Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

    Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

    Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
    Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?


    If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

    Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

    One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

    The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

    Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

    Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

    The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

    А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

    This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
    So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

    Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
    Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

    Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

    It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

    From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.


    Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

    Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

    С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

    Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.


    Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

    For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

    Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

    Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

    Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

    Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

    Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
    Мы все подвергаем сомнению

    In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

    В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
    Серийное производство дата центров


    In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

    Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
    Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД


    And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

    А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
    Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

    We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

    Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

    By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

    Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

    Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

    Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
    Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

    Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

    Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
    Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

    To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

    Scalable
    Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
    Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
    Rapid deployment
    De-mountable
    Reduce TTM
    Reduced construction
    Sustainable measures

    Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

    Расширяемость;
    Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
    Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
    Быстрота развертывания;
    Возможность демонтажа;
    Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
    Сокращение сроков строительства;
    Экологичность;

    Map applications to DC Class

    We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

    Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.


    Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

    Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

    На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

    So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

    Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

    Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
    Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

    We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

    Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

    It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

    Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

    We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

    Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

    No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

    Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

    As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

    Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

    This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

    Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.


    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > modular data center

  • 16 pace

    1. noun
    1) (step, distance) Schritt, der
    2) (speed) Tempo, das

    slacken/quicken one's pace — (walking) seinen Schritt verlangsamen/beschleunigen

    at a steady/good pace — in gleichmäßigem/zügigem Tempo

    set the pacedas Tempo angeben od. bestimmen

    keep pace [with somebody/something] — [mit jemandem/etwas] Schritt halten

    stay or stand the pace, stay or keep with the pace — (Sport) das Tempo durchhalten

    3)

    put somebody/a horse through his/its paces — (fig.) jemanden/ein Pferd zeigen lassen, was er/es kann

    show one's paces — zeigen, was man kann

    2. intransitive verb
    schreiten (geh.); [gemessenen Schrittes] gehen

    pace up and down [the platform/room] — [auf dem Bahnsteig/im Zimmer] auf und ab gehen od. marschieren

    3. transitive verb
    1) auf- und abgehen in (+ Dat.)
    2) (set the pace for) Schrittmacher sein für
    * * *
    [peis] 1. noun
    1) (a step: He took a pace forward.) der Schritt
    2) (speed of movement: a fast pace.) die Gangart
    2. verb
    (to walk backwards and forwards (across): He paced up and down.) schreiten
    - academic.ru/52965/pacemaker">pacemaker
    - keep pace with
    - pace out
    - put someone through his paces
    - set the pace
    - show one's paces
    * * *
    pace1
    [peɪs]
    I. n
    1. (speed) Tempo nt
    we started out at a fairly slow \pace wir begannen recht langsam
    schoolchildren should be allowed to work at their own \pace Schüler sollten in ihrem eigenen Tempo arbeiten dürfen
    to force/keep up the \pace das Tempo forcieren/halten
    to gather \pace an Fahrt gewinnen
    to quicken one's \pace sein Tempo beschleunigen
    to set the \pace das Tempo vorgeben
    for many years this company has set the \pace in the communications industry diese Firma war viele Jahre lang der Schrittmacher in der Kommunikationsbranche
    to stand the \pace das Tempo durchhalten; ( fig) mithalten
    they moved out of the city because they couldn't stand the \pace [of life there] sie zogen aus der Stadt weg, weil es ihnen [dort] zu hektisch zuging
    2. (step) Schritt m
    to take a \pace forward/backward einen Schritt nach vorne/zurück machen
    at 20 \paces auf zwanzig Schritte; ( fig)
    I can spot a winner at 20 \paces einen Gewinner erkenne ich sofort
    to keep \pace with sb mit jdm Schritt halten
    to keep \pace with sth ( fig) mit etw dat Schritt halten
    3.
    to put sb/sth through their/its \paces jdn/etw auf Herz und Nieren prüfen
    I'm going to take my new car out and put it through its \paces ich mache eine Spritztour, um zu sehen, was mein neues Auto so hergibt
    II. vt
    1. (walk up and down)
    he \paced the room nervously er ging nervös im Zimmer auf und ab
    2. (measure)
    to \pace sth ⇆ [off [or out]] etw abschreiten
    to \pace off [or out] a distance eine Entfernung mit Schritten ausmessen [o abmessen
    to \pace sb jdm das Tempo vorgeben
    to \pace oneself sich dat seine Kräfte einteilen
    III. vi gehen, schreiten geh
    to \pace up and down auf und ab gehen [o schreiten]
    pace2
    [peɪsi]
    prep ( form) entgegen + gen
    * * *
    I ['peIsɪ]
    prep
    ohne... (dat) nahetreten zu wollen II [peɪs]
    1. n
    1) (= step) Schritt m; (of horse) Gangart f; (lifting both legs on same side) Passgang m

    to put sb/a new car through his/its paces (fig) — jdn/ein neues Auto auf Herz und Nieren prüfen

    to go through or show one's paces — zeigen, was man draufhat (inf)

    2) (= speed) Tempo nt

    at an incredible pace — unglaublich schnell, mit or in unglaublichem Tempo

    to keep pace — Schritt halten; (in discussing) mitkommen

    I can't keep pace with eventsich komme mit den Ereignissen nicht mehr mit

    to quicken one's pace — seinen Schritt beschleunigen; (working)

    I'm getting old, I can't stand the pace any more (inf)ich werde alt, ich kann nicht mehr mithalten

    the change of pace in the narrative —

    2. vt
    1) (= measure) floor, room mit Schritten ausmessen
    2) (in anxiety etc) auf und ab gehen or schreiten in (+dat)
    3) competitor das Tempo angeben (+dat)
    4) horse im Passgang gehen lassen
    3. vi
    1)
    2) (horse) im Passgang gehen
    * * *
    pace1 [peıs]
    A s
    1. (Marsch)Geschwindigkeit f, Tempo n ( auch SPORT; auch fig einer Handlung etc), besonders Pferderennsport: Pace f:
    a) ein scharfes Tempo anschlagen,
    b) fig flott leben;
    keep pace with Schritt halten oder mitkommen mit (a. fig);
    keep pace with the times mit der Zeit gehen;
    set the pace das Tempo angeben (a. fig), SPORT das Tempo machen;
    stand ( oder stay) the pace Schritt halten, mithalten (beide a. fig);
    at a great pace in schnellem Tempo;
    at a very slow pace ganz langsam
    2. Schritt m:
    pace for pace Schritt für Schritt
    3. Schritt m (als Maß):
    geometrical ( oder great) pace Doppelschritt (5 Fuß = 1,524 m);
    military pace Militärschritt
    4. Gang(art) m(f), Schritt m:
    ordinary pace MIL Marschschritt;
    quick pace MIL Geschwindschritt
    5. Gangart f (besonders des Pferdes):
    put a horse through its paces ein Pferd alle Gangarten machen lassen;
    put sb through their paces fig jemanden auf Herz und Nieren prüfen;
    show one’s paces fig zeigen, was man kann
    6. Passgang m (des Pferdes)
    B v/t
    1. SPORT Schrittmacher sein für, jemandem Schrittmacherdienste leisten
    2. fig
    a) das Tempo (gen) bestimmen
    b) Schritt halten mit
    c) vorangehen (dat)
    3. auch pace out ( oder off) ab-, ausschreiten
    4. ein Zimmer etc durchschreiten, -messen
    5. a) besonders einem Pferd bestimmte Gangarten beibringen
    b) ein Pferd im Passgang gehen lassen
    C v/i
    1. (einher)schreiten
    2. pace around ( oder about) hin und her laufen:
    pace up and down auf und ab gehen
    3. im Passgang gehen (Pferd)
    pace2 [ˈpeısı] präp ohne jemandem zu nahe treten zu wollen:
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (step, distance) Schritt, der
    2) (speed) Tempo, das

    slacken/quicken one's pace — (walking) seinen Schritt verlangsamen/beschleunigen

    at a steady/good pace — in gleichmäßigem/zügigem Tempo

    set the pacedas Tempo angeben od. bestimmen

    keep pace [with somebody/something] — [mit jemandem/etwas] Schritt halten

    stay or stand the pace, stay or keep with the pace — (Sport) das Tempo durchhalten

    3)

    put somebody/a horse through his/its paces — (fig.) jemanden/ein Pferd zeigen lassen, was er/es kann

    show one's paces — zeigen, was man kann

    2. intransitive verb
    schreiten (geh.); [gemessenen Schrittes] gehen

    pace up and down [the platform/room] — [auf dem Bahnsteig/im Zimmer] auf und ab gehen od. marschieren

    3. transitive verb
    1) auf- und abgehen in (+ Dat.)
    2) (set the pace for) Schrittmacher sein für
    * * *
    n.
    Geschwindigkeit f.
    Schritt -e m.
    Stufe -n f.

    English-german dictionary > pace

  • 17 relief

    I noun
    1) (alleviation, deliverance) Erleichterung, die

    give or bring [somebody] relief [from pain] — [jemandem] [Schmerz]linderung verschaffen

    breathe or heave a sigh of relief — erleichtert aufatmen

    what a relief!, that's a relief! — da bin ich aber erleichtert!

    2) (assistance) Hilfe, die; (financial state assistance) Sozialhilfe, die; attrib. Hilfs[fond, -organisation, -komitee]
    3) (replacement of person) Ablösung, die; attrib.
    II noun

    high/low relief — Hoch-/Flachrelief, das

    2) (a sculpture) Relief, das
    3)

    stand out in strong relief against something — sich scharf gegen etwas abheben; (fig.) in krassem Gegensatz zu etwas stehen

    * * *
    [rə'li:f]
    1) (a lessening or stopping of pain, worry, boredom etc: When one has a headache, an aspirin brings relief; He gave a sigh of relief; It was a great relief to find nothing had been stolen.) die Erleichterung
    2) (help (eg food) given to people in need of it: famine relief; ( also adjective) A relief fund has been set up to send supplies to the refugees.) die Hilfe; Hilfs-...
    3) (a person who takes over some job or task from another person, usually after a given period of time: The bus-driver was waiting for his relief; ( also adjective) a relief driver.) die Ablösung; Ablösungs-...
    4) (the act of freeing a town etc from siege: the relief of Mafeking.) die Befreiung
    5) (a way of carving etc in which the design is raised above the level of its background: a carving in relief.) das Relief
    - academic.ru/61348/relieve">relieve
    - relieved
    * * *
    re·lief1
    [rɪˈli:f]
    I. n
    1. no pl (assistance for poor) Hilfsgüter pl; (help) Hilfe f, Unterstützung f
    shipment of \relief Hilfsgütersendung f
    to be on \relief AM ( fam) von der Sozialhilfe leben
    disaster/famine \relief Katastrophen-/Hungerhilfe f
    2. (diminution) Entlastung f
    \relief of hunger/suffering Linderung f von Hunger/Leid
    tax \relief Steuerermäßigung f
    3. (release from tension) Erleichterung f
    that's [or what] a \relief! was für eine Erleichterung!
    you can imagine my \relief du kannst dir vorstellen, wie erleichtert ich war
    it was such a \relief to hear that Glen had been found safe and well mir fiel ein Stein vom Herzen, als ich hörte, dass man Glen sicher und wohlauf gefunden hatte
    sense of \relief Gefühl nt der Erleichterung
    to feel an incredible sense of \relief sich akk unglaublich erleichtert fühlen
    a sigh of \relief ein Seufzer m der Erleichterung
    to breathe a sigh of \relief erleichtert aufatmen
    light [or comic] \relief THEAT befreiende Komik
    to be greeted with \relief mit Erleichterung aufgenommen werden
    much to my [or to my great] \relief zu meiner großen Erleichterung
    4. (substitute) Ersatz m, Vertretung f
    \relief of a country/a town Entsatz m eines Landes/einer Stadt
    6. LAW (remedy) Klagebegehren nt
    II. n modifier Ersatz-, Vertretungs-
    \relief driver Ersatzfahrer(in) m(f)
    re·lief2
    [rɪˈli:f]
    n
    1. (three-dimensional representation) Reliefdruck m
    2. (sculpture) Relief nt
    bronze \relief Bronzerelief nt
    3. no pl (sharpness of image) Kontrast m
    to be in \relief against sth sich akk von etw dat abheben
    to stand out in sharp [or bold] \relief sich akk deutlich von etw dat [o gegen etw akk] abheben
    to throw sth into \relief etw hervortreten lassen
    * * *
    [rɪ'liːf]
    1. n
    1) (from anxiety, pain) Erleichterung f

    to bring sb relief (drug) — jdm Erleichterung verschaffen; (news) jdn erleichtern

    that brought him some relief from his headachedas hat seine Kopfschmerzen etwas gelindert

    it was a relief to find it — ich/er etc war erleichtert, als ich/er etc es fand

    it was a relief to get out of the office — es war eine Wohltat, aus dem Büro wegzukommen

    2) (from monotony, boredom) Abwechslung f

    to provide a little light/comic relief — für eine kleine Abwechslung/für etwas Humor sorgen

    3) (= assistance) Hilfe f

    to be on relief (US) — Fürsorge bekommen, von der Fürsorge leben

    4) (ESP MIL: act of relieving, replacement forces) Entsatz m; (= substitute) Ablösung f
    5) (ART, GEOG) Relief nt; (TYP) Relief nt, Hochdruck m

    high/low relief — Hoch-/Flachrelief nt

    to stand out in relief (lit) — sich (deutlich) abheben; (fig)

    6) (JUR) Rechtshilfe f (of bei)
    2. attr
    1) (= aid) Hilfs-

    the relief effort — die Hilfsaktion; (in disaster) die Rettungsaktion

    2) (= replacement) watchman, driver zur Entlastung

    relief bus/train — Entlastungsbus/-zug m

    * * *
    relief1 [rıˈliːf] s
    1. Erleichterung f ( auch MED):
    a drug for the relief of pain ein schmerzlinderndes Mittel;
    (much) to my relief, to my (great) relief zu meiner (großen) Erleichterung;
    with ( oder in) relief erleichtert;
    it was a relief to me when ich war erleichtert, als;
    give ( oder bring) some relief MED Erleichterung bringen; sigh A 1, C
    2. Wohltat f ( to the eye für das Auge)
    3. a) Entspannung f, Abwechslung f, angenehme Unterbrechung
    b) euph sexuelle Befriedigung
    4. Trost m
    5. Entlastung f
    6. Abhilfe f
    7. a) Unterstützung f, Hilfe f:
    relief fund Unterstützungs-, Hilfsfonds m;
    relief works öffentliche Bauvorhaben zur Bekämpfung der Arbeitslosigkeit
    b) US Sozialhilfe f:
    be on relief Sozialhilfe beziehen
    8. MIL
    a) Entsatz m, Entlastung f:
    relief attack Entlastungsangriff m
    b) auch allg Ablösung f:
    relief driver AUTO Beifahrer(in);
    relief road Entlastungsstraße f;
    relief train Entlastungszug m;
    relief valve Überdruckventil n
    9. Vertretung f, Aushilfe f:
    relief secretary Aushilfssekretärin f
    10. JUR
    a) Rechtshilfe f
    b) Rechtsbehelf m:
    the relief sought das Klagebegehren
    11. JUR, HIST Lehngeld n, -ware f
    relief2 [rıˈliːf] s
    1. Relief n ( auch GEOG):
    stand out in (bold) relief plastisch oder scharf hervortreten (a. fig);
    bring out the facts in full relief fig die Tatsachen deutlich herausarbeiten;
    set into vivid relief fig etwas plastisch schildern;
    throw into relief (deutlich) hervortreten lassen (a. fig);
    be in relief against sich (deutlich) abheben gegen;
    relief map Relief-, Höhenkarte f
    2. TYPO Reliefdruck m
    * * *
    I noun
    1) (alleviation, deliverance) Erleichterung, die

    give or bring [somebody] relief [from pain] — [jemandem] [Schmerz]linderung verschaffen

    breathe or heave a sigh of relief — erleichtert aufatmen

    what a relief!, that's a relief! — da bin ich aber erleichtert!

    2) (assistance) Hilfe, die; (financial state assistance) Sozialhilfe, die; attrib. Hilfs[fond, -organisation, -komitee]
    3) (replacement of person) Ablösung, die; attrib.
    II noun

    high/low relief — Hoch-/Flachrelief, das

    2) (a sculpture) Relief, das
    3)

    stand out in strong relief against something — sich scharf gegen etwas abheben; (fig.) in krassem Gegensatz zu etwas stehen

    * * *
    n.
    Ablösung -en f.
    Entlastung f.
    Erleichterung f.
    Hilfe -n f.
    Linderung f.
    Relief -s n.
    Unterstützung f.

    English-german dictionary > relief

  • 18 MacCready, Paul

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 29 September 1925 New Haven, Connecticut, USA
    [br]
    American designer of man-powered aeroplanes, one of which flew across the English Channel in 1979.
    [br]
    As a boy, Paul MacCready was an enthusiastic builder of flying model aeroplanes; he became US National Junior Champion in 1941. He learned to fly and became a pilot with the US Navy in 1943. he developed an interest in gliding in 1945 and became National Soaring Champion in 1948 and 1949. After graduating from the California Institute of Technology (Cal Tech) as a meteorologist, he set up Meteorological Research Inc. In 1953 MacCready became the first American to win the World Gliding Championship. When hang-gliders became popular in the early 1970s MacCready studied their performance and compared them with soaring birds: he came to the conclusion that man-powered flight was a possibility. In an effort to generate an interest in man-powered flight, a cash prize had been offered in Britain by Henry Kremer, a wealthy industrialist and fitness enthusiast. A man-powered aircraft had to complete a one-mile (1.6km) figure-of-eight course in order to win. However, the figure-of-eight proved to be a major obstacle and the prize money was increased over the years to £50,000. In 1976 MacCready and his friend Dr Peter Lissaman set to work on their computer and came up with their optimum design for a man-powered aircraft. The Gossamer Condor had a wing span of 96 ft (27.4 m), about the same as a Douglas DC-9 airliner, yet it weighed just 70 lb (32 kg). It was a tail-first design with a pedaldriven pusher propeller just behind the pilot. Bryan Allen, a biologist, pilot and racing cyclist, joined the team to provide the muscle-power. After over two hundred flights they were ready to make an attempt on the prize, and on 23 August 1977 they succeeded where many had failed, in 7 minutes. Kremer then offered £100,000 for the first manpowered flight across the English Channel. Many thought this would be impossible, but MacCready and his team set about the task of designing a new machine based on their Condor, which they called the Gossamer Albatross. Bryan Allen also had a major task: getting fit for a flight which might take three hours of pedalling. The weather was more of a problem than in California, and after a long delay the Gossamer Albatross took off, on 12 June 1979. After pedalling for 2 hours 49 minutes, Bryan Allen landed in France: it was seventy years since Blériot's flight, although Blériot was much quicker.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    World Gliding Champion 1953.
    Bibliography
    1979, "The Channel crossing and the future", Man Powered Aircraft Symposium, London: Royal Aeronautical Society.
    Further Reading
    M.Grosser, 1981, Gossamer Odyssey, London (provides a brief biography and detailed accounts of the two aircraft).
    M.F.Jerram, 1980, Incredible Flying Machines, London (a short survey of pedal planes).
    Articles by Ron Moulton on the Gossamer Albatross appeared in Aerospace (Royal Aeronautical Society) London, August/September 1979, and the Aeromodeller, London, September 1979.
    JDS

    Biographical history of technology > MacCready, Paul

  • 19 Papin, Denis

    [br]
    b. 22 August 1647 Blois, Loire et Cher, France
    d. 1712 London, England
    [br]
    French mathematician and physicist, inventor of the pressure-cooker.
    [br]
    Largely educated by his father, he worked for some time for Huygens at Ley den, then for a time in London where he assisted Robert Boyle with his experiments on the air pump. He supposedly invented the double-acting air pump. He travelled to Venice and worked there for a time, but was back in London in 1684 before taking up the position of Professor of Mathematics at the University of Marburg (in 1669 or 1670 he became a Doctor of Medicine at Angers), where he remained from 1687 to 1695. Then followed a period at Cassel, where he was employed by the Duke of Hesse. In this capacity he was much involved in the application of steam-power to pumping water for the Duke's garden fountains. Papin finally returned to London in 1707. He is best known for his "digester", none other than the domestic pressure-cooker. John Evelyn describes it in his diary (12 April 1682): "I went this Afternoone to a Supper, with severall of the R.Society, which was all dressed (both fish and flesh) in Monsieur Papins Digestorie; by which the hardest bones of Biefe itself, \& Mutton, were without water, or other liquor, \& with less than 8 ounces of Coales made as soft as Cheeze, produc'd an incredible quantity of Gravie…. This Philosophical Supper raised much mirth among us, \& exceedingly pleased all the Companie." The pressure-cooker depends on the increase in the boiling point of water with increase of pressure. To avoid the risk of the vessel exploding, Papin devised a weight-loaded lever-type safety valve.
    There are those who would claim that Papin preceded Newcomen as the true inventor of the steam engine. There is no doubt that as early as 1690 Papin had the idea of an atmospheric engine, in which a piston in a cylinder is forced upwards by expanding steam and then returned by the weight of the atmosphere upon the piston, but he lacked practical engineering skill such as was necessary to put theory into practice. The story is told of his last trip from Cassel, when returning to England. It is said that he built his own steamboat, intending to make the whole journey by this means, ending with a triumphal journey up the Thames. However, boatmen on the river Weser, thinking that the steamboat threatened their livelihood, attacked it and broke it up. Papin had to travel by more orthodox means. Papin is said to have co-operated with Thomas Savery in the development of the lat-ter's steam engine, on which he was working c. 1705.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Charles-Armand Klein, 1987, Denis Papin: Illustre savant blaisois, Chambray, France: CLD.
    A.P.M.Fleming and H.R.S.Brocklehurst, 1925, A History of Engineering.
    Sigvar Strandh, 1979, Machines, Mitchell Beazley.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Papin, Denis

  • 20 something

    something [ˈsʌmθɪŋ]
    did you say something? tu m'as dit quelque chose ?
    would you like something to drink? vous voulez boire quelque chose ?
    it's something else! (inf) ( = incredible) c'est quelque chose !
    something tells me that... j'ai l'impression que...
    that's really something! (inf) c'est pas rien ! (inf)
    he's got something to do with it ( = is involved) il a quelque chose à voir là-dedans ; ( = is responsible) il y est pour quelque chose
    he left something over £5,000 il a laissé plus de 5 000 livres
    he won something like $10,000 il a gagné quelque chose comme 10 000 dollars
    * * *
    ['sʌmθɪŋ] 1.
    1) ( unspecified thing) quelque chose

    something new/interesting — quelque chose de nouveau/d'intéressant

    2) (thing of importance, value etc)

    to make something of oneself ou one's life — réussir sa vie

    he is quite ou really something! — c'est vraiment un numéro!

    that house is quite ou really something! — cette maison c'est quelque chose!

    you've got something there! — là, tu n'as pas tort!

    ‘I've found the key’ - ‘well that's something anyway’ — ‘j'ai trouvé la clé’ - ‘c'est déjà ça’

    3) (forgotten, unknown name, amount etc)
    2.
    1) ( a bit) un peu

    something over/under £20 — un peu plus de/en dessous de 20 livres sterling

    2) (colloq)

    he was howling something awful ou shocking — il n'arrêtait pas de hurler

    3.
    something of adverbial phrase (rather, quite)

    she is something of an expert on... — elle est assez experte en...

    English-French dictionary > something

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